Bipolar Junction Transistors (Graph) | Generated by AI
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2025.04
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BJT Characteristics and Operation
Output Characteristics (Ic vs Vce)
Collector-Emitter Voltage (Vce)
Collector Current (Ic)
0
0.2V
0.5V
1V
3V
0
5mA
10mA
15mA
20mA
IB = 0
IB = 20µA
IB = 40µA
IB = 60µA
Saturation
Active Region
Cutoff
Transfer Characteristics (Ic vs Ib)
Base Current (Ib)
Collector Current (Ic)
0
20µA
40µA
60µA
80µA
0
5mA
10mA
15mA
20mA
β = ΔIc/ΔIb ≈ 100
NPN Transistor Operation
Base (B)
Control
Collector (C)
Emitter (E)
IB (small)
IC (large)
IE = IB + IC
Current Gain: β = IC/IB (typically 50-200)
BJT Operating Regions
Cutoff
IB ≈ 0, IC ≈ 0
Active
Amplification
Saturation
Switch ON
BE: Reverse
BC: Reverse
BE: Forward
BC: Reverse
BE: Forward
BC: Forward
BE = Base-Emitter Junction
BC = Base-Collector Junction
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