China’s Three Modernization Goals | Generated by AI
Question: What are the three basic goals for the comprehensive development of socialist modernization established at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China?
A. Spiritual civilization, social civilization, ecological civilization
B. Material civilization, political civilization, ecological civilization
C. Spiritual civilization, social civilization, political civilization
D. Material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization
Your answer: A
Correct answer: D
Answer:
The correct answer is D. 物质文明、政治文明、精神文明 (material civilization, political civilization, and spiritual civilization).
Detailed Explanation:
At the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (held in November 2002), General Secretary Jiang Zemin delivered the report on behalf of the 15th Central Committee. In this report, for the first time, the concept of “socialist political civilization” was formally and prominently put forward, and it was clearly stated that the comprehensive development of socialist modernization must achieve coordinated progress in three major aspects:
- 物质文明 (material civilization)
- 政治文明 (political civilization)
- 精神文明 (spiritual civilization)
These three were explicitly established as the three basic goals (or three major goals) of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics in the new stage of the new century.
Key quote from the 16th Party Congress Report:
“发展社会主义民主政治，建设社会主义政治文明，是社会主义现代化建设的重要目标……在当代中国，发展先进文化，就是发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化……把坚持党的先进性与发挥社会主义制度的优越性统一起来，把发展社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明统一起来。”
This formulation marked an important theoretical advancement: it completed the trinity of material civilization, political civilization, and spiritual civilization, making the overall layout of socialist modernization more comprehensive and mature.
Later developments:
- The 17th Party Congress (2007) continued to use this formulation.
- The 18th Party Congress (2012) added ecological civilization and began to speak of a “five-in-one” overall layout (economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction).
- The option that includes ecological civilization (such as A or B) reflects later formulations and cannot be traced back to the 16th Party Congress.
Therefore, the three basic goals specifically established at the 16th Party Congress are material civilization, political civilization, and spiritual civilization — option D.
Your choice (A) mixes concepts from different historical stages and is incorrect for this specific question.
References:
- 《中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会文件汇编》 (Collection of Documents of the 16th National Congress of the CPC), especially the report by Jiang Zemin
- 江泽民《全面建设小康社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面》 (full text of the 16th Party Congress report)