Circuits and Electronics
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R = U / I, P = UI.
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A battery has some internal resistance.
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Capacitors can store energy. When current flows through a capacitor, it stores electrical energy. When there is no current flow, it releases the stored energy. It works similarly to a stack in data structures.
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Inductors work similarly to capacitors. A change in current will cause an inductor to generate a magnetic field, which in turn affects the circuit. Energy storage formula is $E = \frac{1}{2} L I^2$. Inductance formula is $V = L \frac{dI}{dt}$ .
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Single-phase rectifier circuits convert alternating current(AC) to direct current(DC).
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By moving a conductor (such as a coil) through a magnetic field, it generates an alternating current (AC).
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A three-phase rectifier is a device that converts three-phase alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). Three-phase AC has three wires, each carrying a voltage that is 120 degrees out of phase with the others.
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Diodes are electronic components that allow electric current to flow in only one direction.