香肠是加工肉类风险 | AI生成和翻译
问题:Should sausage be categorized into processed meats?
回答:
是的,sausages 被归类为 processed meats。
Processed meat 是由主要健康组织定义(如 World Health Organization、International Agency for Research on Cancer、American Cancer Society、Harvard School of Public Health,以及大多数国家饮食指南)为:
- 任何通过 salting、curing、fermentation、smoking、添加 chemical preservatives(nitrates/nitrites)或其他工艺来增强风味或改善保存的肉类。
加工肉类的常见例子包括:
- Sausages(fresh、cured、smoked、dried —— Chinese腊肠/lap cheong、Italian salami、chorizo、pepperoni、breakfast sausage links/patties、hot dogs/frankfurters、bratwurst 等)
- Bacon
- Ham
- Corned beef
- Beef jerky
- Canned meat products with added preservatives
- Deli/cold cuts(例如 turkey ham、bologna、mortadella)
例外 / 边缘情况:
- Plain、unseasoned、freshly ground meat 成型为 sausage 形状并立即烹饪(无 curing、smoking、added nitrates 或 preservatives)的,通常不被视为 processed meat —— 但这在商业 sausages 中非常罕见。
- 超市、餐厅或市场出售的几乎所有 sausages(包括 Chinese腊肠/lạp xưởng/lap cheong)都至少经过 curing、salting、air-drying、smoking,或含有 added preservatives → 它们属于 processed meat。
为什么这很重要: 2015 年,IARC (WHO) 将 processed meat 归类为 Group 1 carcinogen(“carcinogenic to humans”),基于充分证据将较高消费与 colorectal cancer 联系起来。Sausages 是该类别中最常被研究和牵连的项目之一。
因此,在 nutritional science、epidemiology、cancer research 和官方 food classification systems 中——sausages = processed meat。
参考文献:
- https://www.iarc.who.int/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-processed-meat/
- https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat
- https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/processed-meat/