苏轼《赤壁赋》导论 | AI生成和翻译
Question: Provide an introduction to “前赤壁赋” (The First Ode on the Red Cliffs) by Su Shi.
Answer:
《前赤壁赋》 (The First Ode on the Red Cliffs / Former Rhapsody on Red Cliff) 是中国文学史上最著名的赋 (prose-poems) 之一。这是由 Su Shi (苏轼,又名苏东坡) 于 1082 年被贬谪至黄州(今湖北黄冈)期间所作。
Basic Information
- Author: Su Shi (1037–1101),字子瞻,号东坡居士
- Year: 1082 年(宋神宗元丰五年)
- Location described: 长江边的赤壁 —— 此篇背景设定在传统上认为的赤壁之战 (Battle of Red Cliffs, 208 CE) 遗址,尽管学者们现在认为 Su Shi 当时实际上是在更上游的另一个赤壁。
- Companion piece: 《后赤壁赋》 (The Second Ode on the Red Cliffs),作于同年的三个月后。
Structure & Content Summary
该作品采用 fu (rhapsody) 风格编写,融合了散文与诗歌,具有强烈的抒情和哲学元素。
典型的结构可分为四个主要部分:
-
Setting the scene
秋夜,明月,Su Shi 与友人泛舟江上,饮酒举杯,欣赏着箫声。 -
Guest’s melancholy speech
一位同伴表达了对人生短暂、江月永恒的感伤 —— 引用了曾在赤壁叱咤风云但已灰飞烟灭的一代枭雄(如曹操、周瑜等)。 - Su Shi’s philosophical response (核心及引用最多的部分)
Su Shi 以著名的水月隐喻反驳了客人的悲观:- “客亦知夫水与月乎?逝者如斯,而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼,而卒莫消长也。”
→ “Do you also know about the water and the moon? What passes is like this [river], yet it never truly goes away; what waxes and wanes is like that [moon], yet in the end it neither increases nor decreases.” - 他主张如果从变的角度看,天地间万物时刻都在改变;但如果从不变的角度看,则物与我皆是永恒的。
- 因此,人应当以无穷的生命力去拥抱无穷的变化,享受当下,而不是为生命的短暂而悲哀。
- “客亦知夫水与月乎?逝者如斯,而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼,而卒莫消长也。”
- Conclusion
大家重拾喜悦,继续开怀畅饮,杯盘狼藉。最后在小船随波逐流中沉沉睡去,甚至没有察觉。
Literary & Philosophical Significance
- 融合了 Confucian (儒家)、Daoist (道家) 和 Buddhist (佛家) 思想。
- 是 Su Shi 面对逆境时乐观、超脱态度的最具有代表性的作品。
- 关于水与月的论辩是古典文学中最著名的哲学片段之一。
- 在中国文学传统中极具影响力 —— 900 多年来,它被频繁地引用、朗诵、作画和书写。
Most Famous Lines (modern Chinese + English)
客曰:「……哀吾生之须臾,羡长江之无穷。」
→ “… lamenting the brevity of our life, envying the endlessness of the Yangtze.”
苏子曰:「……盖将自其变者而观之,则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之,则物与我皆无尽也。」
→ “If we look at it from the viewpoint of change, then heaven and earth cannot last even a moment; if we look at it from the viewpoint of constancy, then all things and I are inexhaustible.”
“惟江上之清风,与山间之明月,耳得之而为声,目遇之而成色,取之无禁,用之不竭,是造物者之无尽藏也,而吾与子之所共适。”
→ “Only the clear wind over the river and the bright moon between the mountains: the ear hears them as sound, the eye meets them as color. We may take them without prohibition and use them without exhaustion — they are the inexhaustible treasury of the Creator, which you and I can share forever.”
《前赤壁赋》 至今仍是宋代文学的巅峰之作,在当今华人世界中广为传诵和喜爱。
References:
- None (classic literary work; explanation based on standard interpretations and original text)